Perspectives on Indian Energy based on Rumi (PIER), is an Indian energy systems model for India built on the Rumi modelling platform that estimates demand and cost-optimal supply options to meet the demand. This release of version 2.0 of PIER builds upon the earlier version which modelled energy demand in a detailed bottom-up manner up to 2040-41. This version of PIER 2.0 features the following.

PIER 2.0 supply model

Various supply choices are modelled to identify the cost-optimal options to help meet the energy demand determined by the PIER 2.0 demand model. This includes, inter alia, costs of different energy carriers, limits on domestic production and import of energy carriers, feasibility of capacity addition for various energy conversion and storage technologies, efficiencies and costs of various energy conversion and storage technologies, and the costs and limits of transferring energy within and across regions. Given the time horizon of 2040-41, PIER 2.0 includes some interesting additions / enhancements such as:

• Modelling a new energy carrier (green hydrogen) and a new technology (electrolysis) to produce it
• Modelling newer energy conversion technologies such as offshore wind and small modular reactors for electricity generation
• Modelling ground-mounted and rooftop solar technologies separately

In addition, this version utilises the newly introduced feature of user-defined constraints in Rumi 2.0 to model some policy mandates such as import dependence restrictions, minimum capacity addition of clean electricity generation technologies and renewable purchase / consumption obligations. In addition, it also uses the feature to model some operational, technical constraints such as the minimum levels at which the coal-based generation fleet can operate.

In addition to a reference scenario (broadly reflecting past trends and most likely future), and the two additional scenarios corresponding to Vikasit Bharat and Vichalit Bharat that were modelled as part of the PIER 2.0 demand model, the model also features a set of other scenarios intended to understand the impact of different policy mandates, capacity addition limits and cost assumptions.

The model also estimates cost-optimal choices of different sources of the various energy carriers, including capacity additions required to generate or store them, while respecting the constraints provided. It also estimates GHG emissions for the identified supply options.

Note that the current release models electricity at a regional geographic granularity for computational reasons. It contains energy demand and supply estimates for India from FY2023-24 to 2040-41. The full PIER 2.0 model can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603083 (Version 2.0 Demand+Supply Model+Docs)

The presentation describing the results and insights from the energy demand estimation exercise are available here, and detailed presentations describing the methodology and insights of the supply model can be downloaded from this page.

This version of PIER supply model is consistent with Rumi v2.0.2