Prayas (Energy Group) hosted the seventh annual roundtable on Residential Electricity Consumption (REC) on January 9, 2025, at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. Electricity consumption by the residential sector in India has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% and is expected to grow further due to increasing incomes, urbanization, and technological advancements. Systematically examining residential demand and ensuring that future demand is adequate, efficient, and well-managed is crucial.This year’s roundtable centered on the approaches and methodologies adopted for residential energy demand estimation models. Five organizations—NITI Aayog, TERI, AEEE, CSTEP, and Prayas (Energy Group)—presented their models, outlining the parameters and methodologies they used. While there were similarities in the approaches and methodologies across the models, differences were observed in the scale and granularity of analysis.The presentations were followed by a roundtable discussion that delved into how macro-level indicators, such as income and price elasticities, could enhance the accuracy of residential electricity demand estimation. During deliberations on appliance use behaviours, interesting insights emerged regarding thermal comfort, particularly the transition from coolers to air conditioners (ACs). The discussion emphasized the importance of architectural design and the role of technology and building characteristics in shaping modelling approaches and assumptions.